Tech Brief: High-Density Large-Scale Networking Technology Achievements of China’s Qianfan LEO Constellation

As China’s self-developed and fully controllable national LEO broadband satellite internet infrastructure, the Qianfan (G60) constellation has completed iterative upgrading of high-density large-scale networking technology. It realizes high-frequency, mass and low-orbit satellite deployment, breaking the traditional bottlenecks of low networking efficiency, high unit cost and insufficient orbital resource utilization. Adopting a lightweight flat stacked satellite structure and mature multi-satellite launch technology, the constellation supports double launches within 24 hours and a maximum capacity of 20 satellites per launch, with in-orbit satellites exceeding 238 units, marking a full shift from technical verification to large-scale commercial networking.

Based on standardized modular satellite design and independently developed orbital allocation and separation control algorithms, the technology greatly improves launch efficiency and orbital resource utilization while reducing mass deployment costs. It builds a fully independent space-ground measurement, operation and control system with 24/7 on-orbit scheduling, link self-healing and fault redundancy capabilities. It reliably supports AIS vessel monitoring, offshore maritime broadband, field emergency communication and global IoT data transmission. The mature large-scale networking technology of the Qianfan constellation complements China’s integrated space-terrestrial communication system, drives the industrial upgrading of lightweight mini VSAT terminals and multi-band RF receivers, and continuously expands the commercial application scope of domestic satellite communication services.